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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

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Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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D 
D 
D 
□ 

n 


n 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagie 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurdfe  et/ou  pelliculde 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

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Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


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D 


t/ 


n 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 


Coloured  pages/ 
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a 


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Only  edition  available/ 
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etc.,  ont  6t6  film6es  A  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

JOX 

y 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

e 

§tails 
s  du 
lodifier 
r  une 
Image 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'exemplaire  film^  fut  reproduit  gr&ce  it  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

La  bibliothdque  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetd  de  i'exerrplaire  filmd,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


D. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  AM 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


)S 


Les  exentplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim^e  sont  filmds  en  commen9ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmds  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning   "END  "), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^>  signifie  'A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  film3d 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  framas  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  i'iustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film^s  it  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichd,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


errata 
to 


pelure, 
)n  it 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

PROJECT 


ron  Tim 


FORMATION  OF  A  DEPOT  IX  VVVFJi  CAXADA, 


wiry  .:  vir.w  to  declive  the 


WHOLE   PAUPER   POPULATION  OF   ENGLAND. 


El-nMITTED  TO 


THE  RIGHT  HON.  EDWARD  G.  S.  STANLEY, 

HIS    MAJ.  sty's    rniNCIPAL    SECIlETAriY    OF    STATE    FOB   THE    CCL'NIES. 

R  Y      JAMES      BUCHANAN,      ESQ. 

HTS    M'\j:f?Tv's   CNEUL   FO:,    TIIF.    STATE   OF   NEW    YORK,    rORTTEnLY   ONE   OF  UI3 
MAJ    sty's    justices   of    the    PEACE    OF   THE    COfXTY    OF    TVHOXE. 


NEW   YORK: 


WILLIAM     A.      MERCEIN,     PRINTER. 


M  DCCC  XXXIV. 


PREFACE. 


I  am  prepared  to  hear  the  principles  I  advocate 
in  the  following  pages,  condemned  by  many  truly 
benevolent  people,  who  are  an  ornament  to  the 
Christian  character,  and  our  country  ;  and  I  deeply 
deplore,  if  in  any  of  the  measures  1  advocate,  I 
should  countenance  those  who  are  unfeeling  and 
hard-hearted  towards  the  poor.  My  opposition  is 
against  the  abuse  of  charity,  and  with  a  zealous  de- 
sire to  give  a  salutary  direction,  not  only  to  bene- 
volent feelings,  but  to  the  laws,  and  to  those  of 
Christian  obligation,  which  enjoin  upon  us  "  to 
succour  the  poor.''''  My  creed  as  to  charity  is,  that 
we  are  bound  to  relieve  want  and  distress,  w  itliout 
first  waiting  to  inquire  how'  it  has  arisen,*  and  that 
too  without  regard  to  nation,  color,  sect,  or  view, 


*  The  parable  of  ihe  Good  Sainaritaa  inculcates  this  truly  Chris- 
tian obligation. 


IT 


PWFFACE. 


to  reward.  If  I  have  advanced  or  advocated  any 
measure  appearing  in  opposition  to  these  princi- 
ples, I  renret  the  ob.scurilv  in  which  inv  sentiments 
arc  CApresricd.  I  slioidd  far  exceed  llie  hounds  of 
discretion,  (hd  1  illustrate  uiv  ixtsitions  bv  nunier- 
ous  facts,  tin;  fruit  of  daily  intercourse  with  the 
poor.  To  those  who  hav(^  taken  a  working  part 
witliout  emolument,  such  j)ro()f  would  he  super- 
fluous, and  for  the  or(>ater  nuniher  (d"  those  who 
derive  either  patronafre,  inOuence  or  emolument, 
from  the  vast  expenditure  connected  with,  and 
coming  under  the  sweeping  head,  "  Rklii^f  of 
THE  Poor,"  1  neither  look  for  nor  expect  appro- 
bation. 

I  shall  mention  a  consequence  of  the  poor 
laws,  icith  which  the  people  in  the  United  King- 
dom cannot  be  supposed  to  be  generally  ac- 
quainted, that  the  poor  working  English  in  the 
United  States,  rarely  send  aid  to  their  poor  re- 
lations in  England,  aware  that  the  poor  laws 
provide  for  them,  while  the  poor  working  Irish, 
wiih    an  earnestness    of  feeling  truly   character- 


PREFACE. 


istic,  are  in  the  constant  habit  of  roniitting  to 
their  poor  reliitions  ji  pjirt  of  their  cjirniiins.  I 
speak  Jiereiii  li'om  jiiy  kiiowh-diic  of  fads,  arising 
out  of  my  ollicial  situation  ;  iiiid  grciilly  do  I  fear, 
that  the  introchu'tion  of  |)0(»r  laws  into  Irehind 
will  th>stroy  those  fechnuis  uliieh  are  more  worthy 
of  beinir  cherished  thaji  the  hiiil(liiii«-  of  paliiec-likc 
prisons,  poor-hoiiscs.  or  permanent  charity  estab- 
lislmu'iits.  linvino- a(h)pted  Canadn  for  my  coun- 
try, deeply  interest(>d  in  its  [)rosperity,  1  shall  not 
cease  on  all  occasions  to  deprecate  the  introduc- 
tion ofany  comonlsorv  relief  for  the  \\o(  r  tin  n  '  , 
the  i'lnvr  fetdiugs  both  of  tlK>  giver  and  receiver 
are  cherished  by  IxMUg  free.  Hospitals  lor  the 
sick  or  maimed,  plac(>s  of  /rni/ioj-(/rii  refuge  for 
the  widow,  the  orphan,  and  the  stranger,  will  never 
be  wanting  where  sectarian  intolerance  or  com- 
pulsory provision  is  not  creriled  ;  all  lii.it  can  be 
now  don(!  for  laiglaml,  is,  to  endeavor  lo  modify 
the  evils  of  the  j)resent  vicious  s\  slem.,  not  with 
violence  or  haste,  but  upon  not  oidy  a  Avell  dinrested, 
but  a  fair  trial.  Under  a  hope  of  such  a  consum- 
mation, the  following  sketch   is  sent  forth,  under 


VI 


PREFA4  E. 


your  auspices,  as  having  iho  especial  charge  of 
his  Majesty's  Colonies,  and  of  having  visited  the 
United  States,  ;ind  Canada. 

As  1  have  derived  much  valuable  practical  in- 
forniation  from  visitin<r  the  institutions  in  the  state 
of  Connecticut,  I  di-eni  it  ini|)ortant  to  add,  in  an 
ai)p(Mi(li\,  a  brief  view  of  the  niana<reniont  of  the 
poor  by  that  far-famed,  sairacious  j)eople,  and  also, 
to  add  some  extracts  Irom  my  report,  as  to  the 
state  of  New  \  ork,  as  also  an  outline  of  the  rules 
for  retrulaiin^  the  proposed  depot,  and  an  esti- 
mate of  the  expense. 


to  th7s   right  ho:^.   edward  o.  s,  stanley,  &c.  6lc. 

Sir, 

Having  had  the  honor  of  being  required  by  Viscount 
Palmerston,  to  furnish  a  full  report  of  the  legal  provision 
which  exists  in  the  state  of  New  York,  for  the  support  and 
maintenance  of  the  poor;  the  principles  upon  which  it  is 
founded,  and  the  practical  etlect  of  the  system  upon  tho 
comfort,  character,  and  condition  of  tho  inhabitants — 

I  am  led  to  submit  to  you,  sir,  as  his  Majesty's  principal 
Secretary  of  State  f<ir  the  Colonies,  a  measure  which  has 
relation  to  his  Majesty's  Province  of  Upper  Canada,  and 
has  engaged  my  attention  for  sixteen  years. 

With  untiring  solicitude  I  have  sought  information  from 
the  actual  working  of  institutions  upon  a  smaller  scale, 
conducted  by  the  most  reflecting  and  calculating  people  on 
earth,*  whose  success  has  regulated  my  conclusions,  and 
»-,iables  me  without  risk  to  propose  the  instituting  in  the 
first  instance  an  experiment  in  a  systematic  way,  for  the 


*  The  Selectmen  and  Overseers  of  the  Poor  in  the  state  of  Connecticut, 


8  HELIIM'    OF    TUK     I'OOIt. 

purpose  of  proving  that  ejnigration  and  colonization  will 
cfT-'ctuully  relievo  En^iiiud  iVoin  tlio  opprission  of  the 
pnor-|;i\v  s\  sti'in.  ;in<l  |in'p;iri'  llii'  \\;iy  so  :is  I.)  place  tho 
risiiiii' ii'''ii''i''iii"'i  I'l'iiic  \\iirl:iii(  pcuiilc  in  the  sure  road 
to  imlfpendi'iice.  A  variety  of  coiiciiri'iiit,'  cii'cunistances 
reudiTs  ihe  presciil  iniur  j)cculiarly  adajdctl  i'vv  the  success 
of  the  measure. 

That  British  \(»rth  AiU'TJca  should  he  tho  spot  in  wjiieh 
such  an  experiuirut  sJKtuM  he  made,  will  perhaps  bo  at 
once  appari'iit.  without  dwcllinur  on  its  L^iaiial  cliuiato, 
rich  Soil,  and  \ast  ri'sourecs.  as  the  loundation  of  a  luiifjity 
cinpji'e.  \\  iih  these  preliuiinary  remarks,  I  proceed  to 
relate  si^iie  eirciuustances  of  a  more  jjcrsonal  nature, 
and  which  liist  'j,Mve  rise  to  the  suhjeet  in  my  mind.  In 
tho  y<'ar  1N1('»,  I  had  the  honor  to  represent  to  the  late 
Mar(pii-;  of  L  indoiidcrry,  then  his  Majesty's  Secretary 
Ol  iStati^  lor  j'^oreiirn  Al'iairs,  that  vast  immliers  of  lo}  al 
and  indnsfrioiis  sulijeets  ot'  his  Majesty's,  were  anxious  to 
remove  tVoni  the  Tnited  Stairs  to  Upper  ("'nnada.  In 
consecpuMice  of  which,  his  Lordship  directed  that  such 
should  he  aided,  not  exceedinir  ten  dollars  (\'ieh,  for  the 
purpose  of  heinir  forwarded  to  that  destinati<m,  and  that 
every  family  so  forwarded  should  rec(Mvo  also  a  grant 
oi  land.     A   number  of  those  persons  having  romo  from 


nEL;cr  or  tiic  roon.  0 

the  countios  of  ^fonaglmn  and  Cavan,  and  the  Lieutenant 
Governfji-  liavinj,'  directed  settlements  to   be  formed,  tuo 
of  these  settlements  were  called  Cavan  and    Munaghan; 
in  which  arranfroment,  Dr.  Baldwin, of  V-^ik,  took  a  live- 
ly interest,  and   at    this    hour,  no    part  of    the    province 
exhibits  a  greater  degree   of  prosperity,  or  evinces  more 
steady  loyalty.     In  the  course  of  this  duty,  I  soon  Lecomo 
convinced,  that  those  who  had  not  energy  to  make  their 
"Way    by  their    own   resoun'cs,  would   be  ill    adapted  to 
encounter  the  difliculties  which  arc  the   inevitable    let  of 
all  in  entering  on  a   new  settlement ;  and  although  I  was 
empowered    to   atlord  aiil    to    the   extent   already  men- 
tioned, I  rarely  did  so.     Yet  previous  to  1821,  I  had  for- 
warded above  seven  thousand  persons  io  Upper  Canada, 
and  that  without  expending  in  aid  as  many  shillings  ;   and 
finally,  except  in  extreme  cases,  as  unforsccn  sickness  or 
great  want,  I  discontinued  atlordinu  anv  riecuniarv  assist- 
ance,  having  had  abundant  evidence,  that  /;/,s/  ///  jirnportion 
as  people,  able  to  icork  irhcrc  hihor  is  to  be.  had  ore  aided,  so 
in  proportion  are  their  rfnrts  parahjxed  and  their  prosperity 
retarded.     It  v.  is  very  natural  to  teel  a  deep  intercut  in  the 
prosperity  of  those  persons,  and    as  I  generally   made  a 
yearly  visit  to  Upper  Canada  during  the  sick'.y  season  m 
New  York,  I  had   an  opportunity  of  examining  the  ccn- 
dition  of  many  of  those  in  other  parts  of  the    province, 


M)  KCLii'.r  OF   I'lii'.   roou. 

wlittiii  1  i'oiw allied.  'riic  result  of  this  inspection  was, 
that  I  I  an  ediitiilciit'y  state,  that  all  able  to  work  found 
tMU|il.>\  lueiit.  and  ni  less  than  si\  years,  were  not  only  de- 
Inered  f,,Mn  the  (ear  o[  want.  i'Ut  that  live  out  of  seven 
were  lis  in";  on  iheirowa  lands,  and  hail  barns,  oxen,  cows, 
{>ii;s.  aHvl  many  ot' thi'in  horses.  1  have,  therefore.  iVoni  the 
knowiedi^-e  thus  i;anieil,  beeome  t'uUy  inipre-.'Sed.  that  C^'anada 
IS  capable  'jt'  talviiiL,'  olV.  not  oi)I>'  the  surplus  popu'adon  of 
'hi'  (•/>ii>i /■'.-,  but  t^'f  paup-T  j'oor  of  Ln^-Iand  :  and  indeed, 
as  tar  badv  as  ISOS,  in  a  letter  I  had  the  l\onor  to  address 
to  S'.r  Uobert  reel,  I  aniarted  ib.e  same  idea.* 

la  res'|.wt  to  the  proiect  of  a  colonizin:]:  and  receivins 
estab'i>h:iieut,  alre;idy  treated  oi',  some  account  ot  its  ob- 
jects and  arrangemen's  nuiy  be  naturally  expected.  The 
exam  pics  and  data  tor  its  ij-n-ernmeut  are  chiefly  de- 
rived tVoni  a  personal  exaniuuition  and  uispection  eif  the 
inst-itutio'cs  of  the  adjouiir;;.:  jtate  cl  Cotniecticut.  so  tamed 
to'-  Its  prudential  aud  econotmcai  :urispn.;dence:  besides, 
whit  tacts  have  been  iTieatied  trc  .1  an  investiiiat'on  made 


•W'-);;^  ''i.s  "  ,\  w-js  ::!  'T^'-is.  I  rt-'ivivfo  'be  T'l^'ssaire  iie;:vpre<i  bv  t'le  L;eut. 
.lovenor  ro  nit  P-'ia  PttK  l'.' Vct'tr  t.':.eKK'';i.  iiovv  .a  meiuo,  ;i"0  n  r'r-'eri-iioe  to 
the-  .Mi'a'i.i.t  es  ol'  'ill.'  l'ti>v'!ioe.  '^s  b'-xj'-i"  iil'v  .■?uis,  "  I  ;iai  cersiMded  fiat  vou 


vV'il    .■I'lh.-l.r  «    .'1  W.^  :!l   Vic-    'L'."  >.'.•!.   '/V:!!  WtTf  n'''". 


.:>«,., 


ir 


in:  nn- 


r.M'A- a'.fiJ,  "It' rjii-'i!.'  •i'■^'e  ^\•'li,a  be  t l:^.■ollrai:^.l.t  w  rta-ir.x  tms  ttrtue  'jounrry 
iji  ei  as^iiiiu  lor  .1  ;iri;e  .,^'ei.';i  .11  icr  (.',■■•:  ?ci".  rvi'i;:',\nu  i.OL'i  'ir;on.  jrtj  'j 
Hooi't   an  -.A^t'i'sivi'  <■  sffiii  .'1    -.-iii  ii'atuni  ;    wirL-h,  w;ih    ;"rui>'n:    rf<;!i;i,".'.ni3. 


HKLIEF    OP    THE    POOn.  11 

into  the  polity  of  the  state  of  New  York  touching  the 
"relief  of  the  poor." 

The  experiment  may  be  made  either  on  national  grounds, 
or  on  behalf  of  any  one  county  disposed  to  enter  upon  the 
same.  But  it  is  evident,  Irom  the  inunense  responsi- 
bility it  will  entail,  and  the  important  mischiefs  which 
failure  would  occasion,  that  it  would  be  hitdily  desirable 
that  even  the  arran<n'ments  of  the  vovage  should  be  made 

O  •CD 

under  a  well-appointed  and  judicious  supervision.  The 
physical  condition  and  moral  habits  of  the  emigrant  paupers 
being:  capable  of  beiufj  materiallv  ailected  bv  it. 

As  the  principle  of  free  agency  aiid  self-dependence  lies 
at  the  foundation  of  energy  of  character,  and  systematic 
exertion,  and  the  consequent  prosperity  of  the  individual, 
where  there  is  any  scope  of  action,  it  would  be  sedulously 
enjoined  bv  the  supn-intendents.  and  be  materially  consulted 
in  the  various  regulations  of  the  establishment.  The  fol- 
lowing outline  is  submitted,  in  whi('h,  if  some  repetition 
appears,  Ic  will  doubtless  be  pardoned,  from  the  dithculty 
of  beinLj  full  anJ.  exi»!icit  wilhf)ut  falling  into  this  error. 

1.  None  shall  be  fed  in  idleness,  who  are  able  to  work. 

2.  Every  measure  calculated  suitably  to  raise  the  charac- 
ter of  each  individual  in  his  own  estimation,  will  be  adopted. 

3.  A  steady  and  cheerful  attention  to  religious  duties  to 
be  promoted  without  infringing  on  the  rights  of  conscience. 


IS  RELIEF    OF    THE    POOU. 

4.  Recreative  exercises  allowed  as  the  reward  of  good 
conduct. 

5.  ^larriaixe  of  the  voun'?  encourasrcd.* 

3.  PunichmL'nts,  where  the  necessity  of  such  is  indicated, 
to  be  adjudged  by  a  jury  of  the  emigrants,  chosen  out  of 
their  own  body,  as  hereinafter  set  forth. 

Th3  establishment  tD  be  named  after  the  county  under 
whose  auspices  formed  ;  or  if  national,  to  have  a  national 
appellation. 

The  land  should  consist  of  at  least  one  thousand  acres, 
on  which  a  saw-mill  should  be  first  erected,  buildings  for 
the  married  and  the  single  of  both  sexes,  dining  hall, 
school,  infant  school,  workshops,  houses  for  superintendent, 
for  two  assistants,  for  doctor  and  schoolmaster,  an  hcspi- 


*I  confess  (ns  the  fntlKr  of  seventeen  cluldicn,')  I  hove  ever  been  opposed  tollia 
Maltiiusiaii  systCiii,  and  I  am  Siippirted  in  siicii  o)  position  by  the  Inglnst  of  nil 
authonfy  :  "  Increase  and  multiply. "  Cold  must  be  the  cuiicnt  of  that  nian'a 
blood  and  \\v>  tclitd  is  the  state  of  that  people,  whose  prosperity  is  dcpeiidtiU  on 
and  Eacnfictd  to,  llie  avonlnncc  of  mniria^e. 

As  Up  er  Canada  can  fiiinish  employment  and  food  for  millions,  is  !♦  not 
lanitniable,  tliat  a  system  of  not  only  violence  to  the  deaiest  afltciions  of  our 
nature,  but  the  mo^t  diri^fut  conseqir.iices  piomoted  thereby,  sl.>ould  be  con- 
ttnled  for  as  essfniial  to  i  rii,Iand's  prosperity. 

Could  I  aiiive  at  the  e.xp  i.s  ■  of  supporting  bastardy  in  all  its  bearings,  I  do 
not  tbinl.:  I  i  rzaid  too  mu''h  in  =aying,  that  fcr  a  less  su.  >  husbands  could  be 
proivded  fur  the  suiphis  female  population  of  England,  and  render  them  the 
happy  niotheis  of  IcRitiinate  childii  n,  by  grnntiii„  to  each  female  on  her  mar- 
tiO'^a  tutniy-five  acres  of  land  iij  Ciiuada,  the  right  to  be  vested  unalitnably  in 
her  and  her  issue. 

'..  his  assertion  may  be  Irsffd  by  bearing  in  mind,  that  5/.  would  purchase  the 
twenty-five  acres,  and  by  making  ihtse  grants  in  !  ngland  on  their  marri'ge, 
what  vast  numbers  \voi;ld  get  married  and  proceed  out  to  Canada,  thuj  reliev- 
ing England,  and  increasing  Canada! 


i  ii 


1 


RELIEF    OF    THE    POOR.  13 

t.il,  barns,  cattle  sheds,  &c.  (Sec.  The  school  rooms  to  be 
fitted  up  with  sliding  partitions,  so  as  to  answer  for  a 
place  of  worship,* 

All  would  be  at  liberty  to  depart  as  soon  ao  employment 
offered. 

In  the  selection  of  officers,  practical  qualifications  would 
be  considered  of  paramount  importance;  but  in  regard 
to  the  principal,  capacity  being  indispensable,  would  be 
specially  regarded;  one  inefficient  person,  imposed  through 
favoritism,  would  mar  the  success  of  the  experiment. 

The  number  of  officers  requisite  has  been  mentioned  in 
the  paragraph  relating  to  buildings. 

The  growing  of  hemp  and  flax,  the  planting  of  willows 
for  basket  work,  the  culture  of  the  vine  and  other  fruit 
trees,  the  planting  of  the  mulberry  for  the  rearing  of  silk- 
worms, &;c.,  to  afford  employment  for  the  aged  and  infirm 
is  looked  to.  Such  an  establishment  would,  prima  facia,  re- 
lieve the  parent  country  of  one  ihousand  paupers  annually. 

Laborers,  assistants,  and  mechanics  of  all  kinds  are,  in 
Uppc'r  Canada,  ingr'^«t  demand,  both  for  in  and  out  door 
occupations  ;  food  is  abundant,  materials  for  building  are 


♦Ths  establishment  should  throughout  bear  evidence  of  its  intrinsic  charac- 
ter, and  i.i  its  exierl  r  have  tlie  appearance  of  what  it  really  was,  the  humble 
residence  of  huinhle  persons.  Pei  haps  it  might  also  with  propriety  he  rendered 
BO  plain,  as  to  remind  tiie  it.'.inbitants  tliat  their  soci.'il  ra  k  was  yet  not  so 
deservedly  hi^h  as  that  of  'he  occupants  of  surrounding  habitations,  the  fruua 
of  the  industry  of  their  framars. 


14  HELIEF    OF    THE    POOIl. 

plenty,  and  consequently  cheajt,  and  such  a  state  of  things 
is  likelv  to  continue  tor  manv  vears;  it  follows  that  the 
natural  desin.'  for  iiuiepeiuient  action  would  lead  all  the 
yourii^,  and  the  robust  of  other  ay'es,  to  leave  the  establish- 
ment as  soon  as  ciinvnicnt.  In  re^•n^d  to  restrajniniT;  the 
parishes  sendini^  out  those  paujiei's  alone  calculated  to  be 
useful,  it  is  obvious  that  such  a  course  would  not  be  practica- 
ble, as  \\\v.  counties  would  jirobably  see  their  account  only  in 
disposin;^  ,,f  the  burden  of  j)auperisni  en  masse.  Yet  it 
would  be  snnply  just,  as  tlu'  prosperity  of  the  colony  at 
large  would  havo  to  be  consulted,  as  wc'J  as  that  of  the 
contemjdated  establishnuMit  in  particular,  it  \vould  seem  to 
be  only  connnon  justici,'  not  to  burden  the  undertaking  with 
an  excess  of  the  blind,  the  imbecile,  and  ludplessly  dis- 
eased, so  as  to  niak(>  ot  it  siu![)ly  an  hosjjital,  as  this 
would  evidently  defl/at  all  the  objects  had  in  view  in  the 
prosecution  of  the  above  valuable  (mkIs.* 

From  the  demand  for  labor  cd  all  description  existing  in 
Upper  C'anada  already  mentioned,  this  would  of  course 
refer  to  every  class  of  the  commuiiit\":  but  it  seems  ne- 
cessary for  a  mouKMit  to  advcM't  more  especially  to  females 
and  boys.  Of  these.  nund)ers  U,  an  almost  indefinite  extent 
could  be  absorbed  by  Upper  Canada,  wliile  these  descrip- 


•  Yet  the  recpption  of  even  all   such  as  were  capable  of  being  removed  has 
been  duly  considered,  and  to  a  great  extent,  could  be  provided  for. 


li 


rfl;ef  of  the  poor.  15 

tions  of  the  pauper  pnj)ul;ilii)n  in  Kiiglaiid  tax  the  public 
most  st'riuusly  in  pi'uviding  suitable  ( nipioynicnt  fur  them, 
where  they  are  so  employed  and  ap|)rentieed  out  ;  and 
there  are  thousands  who  are  an  entire  dead  weight,  con- 
tributing nothing  to  tiuMr  own  su|)port.  lanigration  having 
been  hitherto  ehieily  confined  to  ihe  male  paupers,  it  is 
sonunvhat  essential  to  states  hulher,  that  the  demand  for 
female  assistants  and  s(M'vants  in  I'pper  Canatla  is  very 
great,  and  cannot  (>asily  be  satisfied ;  and  the  same  may  be 
observed  i-especting  boys  capable  of  ix'iiig  apprenticed  ;  it 
may  be  added,  diat  so  essential  are  I'emales  to  a  new  agri- 
cultural countr\'.  that  maiTiage  is  regarded  as  necessary  to 
prospcrit}'.  rnd  few  i-an  iTtain  their  maid  servants,  as  they 
soon  becom(>  the  wi\'es  ot'  I'armers  and  meehanics. 

Should  ibis  experiiiK'iit  lu' prii]ierly  conducted,  it  may  be 
afTirnied  w  itii  little  hazard,  that  it  might  be  extended  so 
far  in  a  li'w  years,  annually,  to  emlirace  tlu;  formidable 
amount  in  I'ound  numbers  of  one  bundled  thousand ;  or  in 
other  words,  the  whole  pauper  po])ulationof thel'nitedKing- 
dom,  capable  of  being  embarked. 

This  appareiilK  bazard<ius  estimate  has  f<»r  its  support 
manv  pracfi'al  men  in  tlif  .\ew  liiigland  States,  as  also,  I 
btdievi',  that  nl'Sir  .bmn  ( 'olbdnie.  tlic  present  truly  elhcient 
and  v;ibied  hjeiit.  ( Ji n-eninr.  \vIim<c  incessant  labors  tor 
the  ha]tj)iness  of  this  fjrovince  an^  so  coiispicuiMis,  and  now 
iusth'  estimated  by  the  people  of  the  colony. 


! 


16 


RELIEF    OF    THE    POOR. 


The  future  and  prospective  advantages  of  the  successful 
working  of  the  fjregjing  plan,  if  happily  consummated,  are 
so  obvious,  as  scarcely  to  recjuiro  minute  enumeration,  yet 
it  may  not  1)C  aItogeth!_'r  supfrlkious  to  state  some  of  them. 
The  additional  strength  which  would  thereby  be  given  to 
the  upper  province,  where  labor  is  so  much  wanted  in  every 
respect ;  the  gradual  extinction  of  an  unwieldy  and  un- 
manageable tax  in  En'jj-Iand  ;  the  satisfactory  disposal  in  an 
English  Colony  of  a  larire  number  of  the  dead  weight 
population,  and  the  accomplishing  of  the  most  extended 
expectations  of  the  plii!aiilhr<>j)ist,  by  conferring  upon  the 
destitute  and  niiscrahic.  ihc  {lowt.'r  to  provide  for  their  own 
wants,  and  to  assume  a  corrcsijoiuling  rank  and  importance 
in  their  own  estimation.  jukI  in  the  scale  of  society  ;  and  not 
the  least,  the  removing  of  the  halt-initiated  from  their  old 
haunts  and  associates,  are  SDine  of  the  advantaufcs. 

I  am  fully  aware,  ihat  ev(M-y  novel  project  is  liable 
to  be  scrutinized  with  severity,  and  sonu^times  even 
with  prejudice.  On  the  other  hand,  candid  examina- 
tion, so  far  from  being  deprecated,  is  desirable,  and 
salutary  to  the  cause  of  truth.  .Many  objections  doub- 
less  remain  to  be  stated,  besides  those  which  have 
been  anticipated  in  this  paper;  but  as  it  claims  no  higher 
grade  than  that  of  a  sketch  or  outline,  and  as  I  beg  to  state 
my  entire  readiness,  as  well  as  wish,  if  required,  to  answer 


i<f;mi.!    i>.     i'iiv;   »'.»•  Vi. 


1 ; 


objc'ciions.  :ia(i  atlbnl  ox})l:iuuUun  uu  nil  the  various  ycials 
referedto  it)  the  project,  as  well  as  in  the  annexed  estimate' : 
an  anticipation  of  these  in  full,  would  at  the  preseniit  time 
seem  unnecessary.  It  may  lu-  further  stated,  generally,  that 
the  details  of  every  department  have  been  thoroughly  ar- 
ranged tor  practical  operation,  from  observation  of  the 
actual  working  of  similar  institutions,  on  a  less  extended 
scale,  and  the  estinvite  now  )>reseuteci  is  regarded  as  abuu- 
Hantly  ample.* 

But  over  two  thousand  persons  sh(;uld  not  he  r.nder  oiu' 
management,  although  several  depots  might  bf.'  prolitably 
and  successfully  placed  under  one  supervision  A  division 
of  responsibility  might  not  (..idy  strike  at  the  success,  but 
at  the  very  ey.i:-tence  of  the  experiment;  imity  of  jilan  and 
promptitude  m  action,  so  necessary  in  the  n\anagement  of 
large  bodies  of  pei>ple.  should  be  ^:trictly  regnnlcd  in  the 
proposed  measure.  In  case,  ho\vcvfr,  of  a[)pi-enticing  out 
the  young,  and  in  regard  to  all  measures  afUviing  the  tutme 
liisposal  of  the  inhabitantt.  <>\  the  depot,  ir  wunid  be  highly 
desirable  that  this  should  be  eflectcd  through  the  merlium  of 
benevolent  associations  in  dilKnvnt  parts  of'  tht?  province 


4 


4  I 


♦  The  measure  throughout,  with  the  esti-nates,  hnve  been  suhmitted  to  Gon. 
Johnson,  tlurteen  years  one  ot  the  Select  Men  of  liartford.  The  Hon.  Judge 
Williams  and  other  gentlemen  conspicuous  for  ilnnr  suece.-'^ful  liirectin.ii  nnd 
■r-ontroliing  the  various  institution;- in  relation  ''i  pnuprvi.-ii  nnA  eriiiv  mi  Oh 
stale  of  Coniieotieui. 


in  JlEI-ir.F    <»F    TlIK    P<M)1<. 

for  that  special  purpose,  and  one  f>f  siirh  vast  advantage  t<« 
the  province, 

Sliould  this  proi<?ct  be  taken  up  as  a  national  object,  the 
idea  of  the  amalgamation  of  the  paupers  of  Ireland  and 
Scotland,  would  present  an  important  })oint  for  considera- 
tion, which  is  fully  provided  for.  In  conclusion,  if  forty 
years  of  active  life,  an  intimate  acquaintance  with  pauper 
emigration  in  all  its  tbrms,  and  under  all  its  various  branches, 
during  eighteen  years  of  that  period  spent  in  the  United 
States,  and  a  thorough  knowledge  of  Upper  Canada,  can 
qualify  for  giving  an  opinion,  1  am  firmly  persuaded,  that 
honestly  and  judiciously  carried  into  execution,  the  mea- 
sme  will  prove  one  of  the  greatest  benetits  bestowed  upon 
England,  and  may  be  also  extended  to  the  other  division?, 
i>f  the  United  Kingdom. 


STATE   OF   THE   POOR   IN    NEW   YORK 


The   follounng  abstract  forms  a  part  of  mij  report   as  to 

the  poo.  laws,  ^-c,  0/  tlie  State  of  New  York,  addressed  to 

Viscount  Falmerston. 

In  the  annual  report  for  expense  of  the  poor  for  this  state. 
made  to  the  Legislature  up  to  January,  1832, 

The  expenditure  was, S31"J,065  8(1 

Or  £70,214  10  sterling,  being  an  excess  over  the 

previous  year,  of $118,8*4  33 

vv  £26,74(i   10  sterling. 
In  the  report  to  1st  Janu!ir>  .  1833,  for  the  year 

Ij^go, $383,560  80 

or  £86,301   3.7  sterling. 

Being  an  increase  of 71,494   12 

or  £16,086  3.6  sterling  over  the  tbrmeryear. 

:)t/i  Query.  "  The  practical  working  and  effect  of  the 
actual  system,  upon  the  comfort,  character,  and  condition  of 
the  inhabitants  /'* 

This  embraces  a  wide  field,  and  did  I  not  thar  to  encuni- 
l.rr  this  rcjiort,  with  matter  which  your  Lordship  might 


\Hl  rilK    lniH{    IN     I'llh 

deem  incl'-vaiil.  1  should  l'<>  ;i1  Uw^H'  intoidf  suhjfrt.  m  tlV 
liupo  ol"rf.'ii(.i(M"iiiu:  it  iiinri'  iiiti'lliizilile  to  those  at  ;i  distance  : 
but  I  am  cutistrained   to  sa\ ,    tlu>   irorfiiui:  is  hud.  arxf  ffn 
c/jcct  l)/u/,  and    so    considered    li\    ovcrv    roller tinti    maij 
conversant  with  die  system;  save  tlw  eontractors  and  dis- 
hiM'sers  »»t  the    Mionew    and    Ijn    many  of  iheiii  also    eon- 
denuiod.     Sncli  a  sweeping' <:hai',iie  r<M|iiires  explanation,  in 
which  1  shall  Ix;  as  brief"  as  jxissible 
The  primary  causes  aie  : — 
First.   That  the  support  is  (•(•nipiii.>oi\ . 
Second.  Tlie  dissolute,  the  idle,  and  abandoned,  partak*. 
'•'(pially  ^vith  the  ludbrtunate  and  the  destitute. 

'riiird.  'I'he  nundier  of  persons  eoni|)osing  the  adnunis- 
nation,  in  all  its  beariniis.  instiMd  of  the  n^sponsihility  heinii 
bmited  to  individuals  at  \\\o  head  ol  each  department. 

Fourth.  The  freipieiit  channt'  of  the  persons  having  the 
direet  manaufment  of  th(^  poor,  arisintr  out  ol'  nniversat 
s/ijf'rasw,  ainiuiil  chvtimis.  and   rotation  in  ojjin. 

AfttM'  many  years  reileetion  on  the  Avorkingof  our  ehai'i- 
table  institutions,  1  ha\-e  been  led  to  ([Uf^stion.  whether  the 
tnis-ajiplieation  and  abuse  of  benevolenee  or  eiiaritv,  has 
not  entailed  on  maidiind,  (whei'e  eniploj'ment  is  to  he 
had.)  frreater  evils  than  the  abuse  of  power  '  Let  this 
seemingly  iiazai'dous  assertion  be  w(dl  examined  before 
condeiMued.     I    a,ni    u[iliel(l    by    the    fuMs    in    this    state. 


vvluic  hihui  is  (Iciir,  ami  prnv  isioiis  dicap,  that  lorNshaf- 
<'vi'r  rl;iss  we  providf,  that  class  will  iruToasf* ;  provjdt;  tor 
bastardy,  it  will  ahoiiud  ;  jjiuvide  great  statu  vv(»rkshops, 
tbf)d  and  rainiriii  Tor  i  liminals,  and  occupauls  will  not  be 
waiitiuij;  ;  so  with  rharitahlr-  institiitinus  and  poor  houses. 
Tin-  sums  Irvjfd  l»y  ihc  coriioration  of  this  city  on  all  stran- 
i,M'rs  who  arrive  by  sea.  to  guard  the  city  against  the  expense 
<>i  suj)porting  su<'h  as  may  Ix'come  poor,  with  the  liberal 
administration  of  other  funds,  entail  great  and  growing 
i\  ils  on  its  population,  and  l(>ads  numbers  from  the  interior 
of  the  state.  ;u)(l  from  adjoining  states,  to  tloek  here  "as 
t/ic  caif/cs  to  the  Ktrcfisr  :''  sympathy  is  awakened,  persons 
yrc  not  wanting  to  plead  tor  a  share  of  the  funds,  which 
arc  applied  toac(piire  personal  poj)ularity  and  political  influ- 
ence, while  the  numbers  who  divide  the  resj)onsibility  of  dis- 
ti'ibution  prevents  lirujiess  of  purpose,  as  exposing  to  the 
charge  of  hardiiess  of  heart,  so  that  nuuibers  who  c«uild  h;ivc 
Unmd  employment  in  distant  (piaiters.  come  to  this  city, 
partak(>  o\'  the  suppoit  atVorded,  herd  with  the  lazy,  the 
abandoned,  and  vicious,  lose  all  self  resj)ect,  and  become 
the  victims  of  crime.  1  do  not  fear,  my  lord,  to  be  charged 
with  overdrawing  this  pi<'ture.  by  lho<e  who  take  pains  to 
investigate  the  subject. 

Xo  ((ther  ciiv  in  any  country  has  mm'c  ample  accommo- 
ditions.  moP'   splendid    buildings,  or   abo(ui(l>    more   in   a 


.'•:  riir.   i'koh   i\   ti!i. 

1,'cnerous  (lisp(»sitinii  townrds  tin-  |mmii-.  I  should  l»c  iiii|ii^i 
(lid  I  ii(»f  lit'iir  this  trstiiiii)ii\ ,  III  tiict  thi'ir  hht'rality  is  not 
uu.'U'd  out  h\  (ouiiti)  oj'  creed,  and  ht'iife  thousands 
on.uvd  thf  cily,  to  jiartakc  ol'  the  lilifi-al  [ifovisions  luadf, 
and  us  lihcraliy  distril)ut<-d."  whilr  it  •■aniiot  he  too  oi'tcii 
repeati'd,  all  aid,  sa\c  to  the  iinliriilr  in  hixli/  ami  /unit/,  or 
on  su(/(/in  tnul  nnforsrvn  cii/anii/ii  s,  m  a  roiiiitry  like  this, 
where  all  svlio  will  work  are  sure  ul'  einjtloyiiient,  and 
whe'-e  t\V(»  day's  wairi^s  is  sullieient  lo  huy  necessaries  for 
a  week's  sustenanee,  is  to  he  drpr^.-eated. 

With  respect  to  juxtr  ehildreii,  a  system  |trevails  in  this 
eit\ ,  thonii;h  seeniiiiuiN  harsii  and  uiili'elmu,  \et  it  has  a  very 
powerfu'  iiilliicuee  to  deter  laniilies  resortiiit:  to  the  eoni- 
niissioners  ol"  the  jtoor  for  sii|>port.  or  an  as\"luiii  in  their 
establishineiif  for  lh(  [loor,  viz: — That  the  eomiiiissi(»nersor 
overseers  apprentice  oat  the  children,  and  dispose  of  tlieni 
to  distant  parts  ol"  the  state',  and  on  no  account  will  inform 
the  parents  where  they  placi-  tlK.'ir  children. 

UiKpiestionahiy.  this  mode  is  oiu;  ol"  unfeeliiiij  severity, 
wiicre  no  diseriniination  is  ohservt'd  as  to  th('  character  ol" 
the  parents;  hut  of  mercy  wlici-e  parents  are  abandoned, 
A  case  occurred  where  a  )>oor  I'iULjlish  family,  who  had  paid. 


*I  do  iiDt  lia/.nnl  too  mai  li  wi,i.  ii  I  MMitiirr  to  say.  nlnivr  20,000  ppis-oiii;  roroivc 
iiid  from  f)aiip(;r  iiiatiiuli.);;  -  >vitluii  tii'^  iii/  d;  riii?  tlu:  w  .liter— oiiml  Ij  onc- 
leiitli  of  thf  jj(jp:ilati'iii 


STATK    (»r    M:\V     VOHh.  >r,i 

■•lie  (l(.||;ir  r;ir||  to  tlio  r.  .i-jM.ratiuti  on  l.'ilidiii^' ;is  roiiuiiUlaliMii 

(to^iianl  till'  city   airain^t   flicir  lifrdininir  a  ''liaiirc  on   t!ii> 

|><"'i' li'»us<'.)  wlii.'li  I  Ih'u- t(.srM;.itli,  th.'  liiKl.and.  \vir(>  and 

live  cliililivii,  iiMf  iM'i'i'j  ahl.'   tu  (.litaiti   iinnicdia;.'   rtii|)loy- 

inent.  vv.-iii  t..  tti.'   AIuk  lluiisc  <.ii  IViday.  ilic  Imshand  loft  if 

(•II  .'Munday.aiid  l^^mI  (•inii!..ytMf|il  ;  htd'on;  tli<- end  rftlio  Wvvk 

Vlt.'tcnvd  l)\  lli<'diva(|(.r\\hatt.M.K  plarc)  lie  v.ascnahird  tn 

n'liinvf-  his  wit;-  and  applird  ti.r  his  chihhvn.  hut  Iniind  his 

(ddost  child  had,  in  the  int-rim.  hern  huund  an  aii|wciitif'(',  to 

whfiin  or  wdiciv,  the   sniM-riiitrndont   would    not  int'ortii  the 

alllirtedpanMit*.    At'trr  various  api.ncnti(.ns.  I  was  ajij^hcd  to 

in   my  othrial  caiia'-ity.  and  n<a  until  alter  nuicli  ni'^'otja- 

tion.did  1  attain  the  restoration  of  the  clijid  ;  the  system  lius 

lieen  toreed  u|Min   the  snjierintendcnts.  as  jtcrsons  w  lio  took 

ehildren  aj-prentiees  fould   not  manage  them,  while  thev 

were  heset  with,  and  suf)jeet  to.  the  visits  of  their  parents. 

In  justilieafionoi'the  sup'>rintendenls,  it  rarely  occurs  that 
any  !)\it  th»'  ahainloned,  or  orphans,  hav<' occasion  to  resort 
to  the  poor  lunise.  as  such  has  he(Mi  the  demand  for  lh»^  lalxn- 
ol  cliil(h-en  ahove  ten  years  of  an-e,  that  tJK.usands  can  !)•■ 
yearly  disposed  of  most  eliirihly,  so  as  to  render  them  ind(^- 
pendeiit  of  charity:  and  it  is  truly  n  humam^  act  to  send 
'•hildren  out  of  the  estahlishments  in  this  state,  when-  the 
vicious  and  ahandonod  are  sent  as  associates  with  th(j  poor 
and  d(.'siitnte. 


^4  i-HK  voon    OF  rm:  statk  or   ^K^^    vokk. 

Work  houses  un.l  poor  houses  h>ne  I.ecouw>  uaited,  thus 
rendering  the  victims  of  crune  and  viee  associates  ^vith 
those  of  unsery  and  poverty,  v  inch  has  a  truly  .leu.oral- 
izing  effect,  and  cannot  be  too  strongly  condensed. 

In  this  state,  poverty  and  crime  may  very  generally  be 
called  synonymous,  for  no  man  or  woman  need  be  poor 
unless  dissolute  ;   there  is  throughout  the  country  a  cheerful. 
aay,an  outrunning  of  charity  towards  suffering  worth,  or  tiie 
victmis  of  sudden  calamity  or  unforseen  distress.    Hospitah 
for  the  sick,  provision  for  the  widor.  and  orphan,  the  Imbe- 
cile in  body  and  mind,  for  all  such  it  is  the  hounden  duty  of 
every  state  and  community  to  provide  ;   but  all  systems 
which  tend  to  generate  crime,  although  the  fruit  of  benevo- 
lence, cannot  be  too  strongly  marked,  yet  few  have  iirn.ness 
of  purpose  to  act  in  accordance  with  such  persuasion. 


i    !l 


AfS  TO  THE  MANAGEMENT  OF  THE   POOR   IN 

CONNECTICUT. 


The  statt'  of  Connecticut    .\:\.<  llrst  settled  in  l()8t,  and 
peopled  from  England, — contains  foui  thousand  six  hundred 
and  seventy-four  square  miles,  and  contained  in  18'20.  two 
hundred  and  seventy-five  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixt> 
eight  inhabitants. 

The  statutes  relating  to  the  poor,  are  comprised  in  live 
pages  of  an  octavo  volume,  which  contains  the  laws  of  the 
state,  and  is  well  worthy  of  consideranon  by  all  legislating 
'»n  the  subject,  altliough  such  could  not  be  lollowed  in 
England,  at  llie  same  time,  all  concur  in  condemning  one 
feature,  viz  : — the  want  of  classification  between  the  vicious 
and  tlie  indigent,  tin-  existence  ot  which  I  witnessed  in  all 
the  establishments  which  1  vi.^iicd.  Another  quesrionabh^ 
clause  is,thatth(^  support  is  compulsory,  and  wiiat  seems 
highly  so,  tlicrr  is  n  pcunltx  attaciied  to  the  refusal  to 
afibrd  it.  A  fiu'thcr  pculijir  ti^^ature  of  the  law  is,  that 
an\-  inhabitant  who  should  enti^'tain  a  stranger  for  fourteen 
days,  \ndess  notice  gixen  \i>  the  select  men  of  the  town.  tii(> 
)'ej'S(.>n    -^o  eiiteiiiiiiiing.   should  be    liable   to   snpjiort    such 


-I 


i 


I      ; 


I      ! 


'i(>  .m.v.\a<jj;.v!;nt  or'  r:ii. 

stranfjer,    it"  reduced  t<^   wont    1)\-  sirkiicss    or   (.ithcrw  i>c. 


uitiiin  a  poridd  of  six  yoars  after  arri\iuir  in  tlie  state;  ami 
n.ni.'lli.T  fl.'atare  of  iIk;  laws  \i\  rt'lation  to  the  poor,  is,  that  the 
se!<:-ot  men  of  each  town  are  empowered  to  remove  any 
strangle',  cominir  to  reside  in  the  siate.  at  any  time  witliin  si^ 
years,  if  Hkely  U)  become  a  charge  on  the  poor  timd.* 

The  poor  in  this  stat'.-  are  |i!a(jed  in  two  classes  as  to  the 
source  of  support,  \iy.  : — TIukc  having  claims  on  the  town'f 
by  birth  or  from  having  gained  settlement  (which  requires 
six  years  residen(.'e)  :  the  other,  those  who  had  no  suchclaiu' 
on  the  towns,  arechargeal)le  U)  the  state. 

Tlu.'  tljllowinglaei.s  I  obtained  from  General  Nathan  Jolni- 

iMi,  who  bus  beim  one  of  the  select  men  of  Hartford,  annually 

elected,  for  many  years,  w  ho  lias  also  lilled  various  depart- 

mrnts  in   the  legislature,  and  is  regarded  by   all,  as  among 

ll;e  must  I'aithful  and  intelligent  public  men  in  the  state,  and 

[I,  :\  \\  '.n  I  biP.d  th^'  honor  to  be  introdueed  Isy  the  Hon.  .Tudge 

W'illi'uns.  the  IMayor(.)f  Hartford,  as  also  to  Mr.  Phelps,  the 

( 'ontroller  of  the  state  :  to  those  gentlemen  I  beg  leave  publx- 

i\    i"  ackii'.w  ledg(.'  my  thanks  fiu   {h!.>  kmduess   aianit'ested 

to  aid  nv.'inall  my  inquiries,  1  alone  take  the  liberty  of  na- 
ming those  gentlemen,  as  giving  weight  i.o  my  observations 


"'I'lii-  ll'iitiiri'  of  iliL'ir  liiwa  serve  as  an  index  to  (he  cliaiactcr  u{  tlie  eoinniu 
i:iiy,  tuul  dct'crvini;  of  paiticulnr  notice  by  Jill  who  s[)eak   of  tliis   sagacious 

'  '^'ov.  1!  lefers  tj  hinJs,  auil  embijrL..  vir;!f^e.'  auJ  ciiits  correspuiuiiht;  to  uu/ 
uf\ri~!ieg- 


'4 


i 


V'UUi.     IN    t  v>.",NL<  i'U  I  T.  '<i'( 

i'u;\  ions  lu  18'^0l!ie  select  men  ot'thc  state  wri.- 1)'  iiMiited 
'u  grant  .-^uj.'poit  u\iv'A  siicli  terms,  ami  to  an  eXLci.i  uiciir 
rejiulated  \)\  their  discretion. 

Buttiie  expeM:>e  became  so  great,  that  liicsunject  was  takeii 
'ip  HJ  the  Icgishitiirfi  an.ii  sul'mitted  to  a  committee,  ot  \\  hum 
General  Johnson,  already  named,  was  an  active  meuiher.  and 
a  law  passed  limiting  the  discretion  ot'tiie  seK-ct  men.  and 
subjecting  the  state  alone  to  a  (diargo  not  to  exceed  one  dol- 
lar, or  4.S'.  2d. a  week,  for  support  of  any  r)au))cr.  and  stirh 
alone  to  be  extended  to  pi.\r?(.tns  noi  hum  iv  the  sfafe.  or  in  a 
hordtrincr  state.  The  annual  cliaige  to  the  state  ])revioi!5  to 
this  law,  varied  fiom  t\v(dve  to  titleen  thousand  dollar!*, 
£8,375.  0.  0.  a  law  was  also  passed,  authorizing  the  con- 
iroUerof  the  state  to  contract  ior  the  support  <;>f  tlie  poor,  to 
which  the  state  should  he  chacgoable  ,  bat  no  ccaitract  tube 
madi'  for  ;i  longer  Uine  t)).nii  rl-. -^  V(\^irs.  ant!  '-y  pulili(_  ■•thM-.- 
oj-  i)!dding. 

8uch  has  been  the  working  -4  the  measure,  dial  the  iasi 
contract  has  been  taken  at  one  thousand  eight  hundred  dollars 
£405.  a  year,  while  sucli  diminution  dors  not  arise  h'Oiu  an 
unproved  condition  of  tlie  hitherto  paujicr  i.ommunity,  but 
Ironi  the  wholesome  eJlci't  of  cauriiig  thein  to  work,  and 
the  consequence  is.  that  th(^  newly  j/'oi'led  regions  oi'  the 
west,  of  the  shore's  of  Lalfs  Superior  and  Mi:'higan,  and 
ihe    valleys   of  the  Mississippi  and  Missoui'i.  ailord    su[)- 


I    ' 


port  and  independence  for  those  who  would  otlierwist 
have  still  constituted  the  poor  of  the  state  of  Connecticut, 
Sut  for  the  change  of  system,  and  tiius  the  wisdom 
and  firmness  of  the  legislatur(\  has  driven  the  poi.tr  of  the 
state  thousands  of  nuk-s.  unaided,  into  the  wilds  of  thr 
West  and  thereby  t'orced  independence  up(in  them.* 

The  present  contractor  tor  the  supjutrt  of  th(^  stnit-  pau- 
pers, resides  at  Windsor,  near  the  centre  of  the  state,  the 
more  distant  jiarts  not  exceeding  much  more  than  one 
hundred  miles.  He  again  contrarts  with  tlu^  contractor 
for  the  support  of  the  poor  of  the  border  towns,  to  allow  them 
a  fixed  sum  for  snpportin.u  such  poor  as  eome  uutler  the 
'•lass  he  is  bound  to  relieve,  without  limitation  as  to  num- 
bers, the  inland  tow^ns  not  being  exposed  to  claims  of  many 
pour  from  ilista)it  states,  or  coimtries.  (the  law^  authorizing 
the  removal  of  all  su''h)  but  anv  such  who  may  get  in,  and 
claim  aid,  the  contractor  has  nrrangenients  made  t^or  their 
.support,  or  being  conveyed  to  his  establishment,  where  they 
may  remain  at  his  ex])ense  until  llir  teimination  of  his  con- 


"  Ari»:  suc'i!  has  be«  ii  liie  cfTt  rl  oftlic  liriK  s  in  Eni-'land,  tbat  luiiiiy  fiunilicp  have 
I  ten  jorcrd  loleavu  the  l;iuil  nt  tlair  failn  rs,  lor  ('aniuia  to  i>i  tiiin  that  support 
whiol;  they  could  not  obtain  ir;  (Ciif^lniiii,  \v!i(;r(>  they  an.'  now  iiulcpondiiiit  and 
free  from  want.  Wl.y  ihen  should  not  1  ii-hind  withhold  ^•llppol■t  iVoni  tlicpaii- 
per.s,  unless  they  in  like  manner  leniovi'  ?  'riicn?  is  no  piiy  lor  the  indu.strioiis 
larn-jfrnnd  nieciiaiue,  who  is  forced  lo  tnngrate,  but  a  threat  outcry  would  l)o 
I'aisc-d,  w'-re  it  attempted  to  feed,  support  and  maintain  the  poor,  hv  retnovin.u 
them,  not  to-tht-'wdds  or  woods,  hut  lo  establishments  amply  provided  for  ilien- 
wants,  where  a  sure  opeinni;  of  employment,  and  a  rcrtain  nro^jpei't  of  bet'ei 
tng   then' ei'iul.'eui,  wo'dd  in   ih"  ,.oii-.'.jii' nr.'. 


I'oou  I.N   rownrTicuT. 


•41) 


tract ;  but,  in  ns  much  as  the  contracir'r  is  authorized  l)y  the 
legishiture  to  make  all  paupers  perforni  such  work  ;.s  thev 
are  capable  of,  it  is  evident  .all  who  can.  will  make  their  way 
out  of  tiic  state,  or  seek  lalior  \vhcre  they  will  l)e  paid. 

The  working  of  this  system  is  obvious  ;  the  contractor 
having  a  limited  sum,  for  supporting  unlimited  numbers,  his 
gain  depends  on,  not  only  liis  vigilance  to  guard,  tliat  not  one 
man  belonging  to  any  town  in  the  state,  noi'  of  a  bordering 
state,  shall  j)e  supported  at  his  expense,  and  like  a  consummate 
general,  lie  guards  the  avenues  by  which  the  enemy  mov 
approach,  he  therefore  c<jntracts  with  the  frontier  towns  of 
the  state,  and  allows  them  also  a  liniited  sum  annually  for 
supporting  all  paupers,  without  limit  as  to  numbers,  who 
would  have  a  claim  on  him,  as  therefore  their  gain  in  like 
manner  arrises  from  their  not  admitting  any,  who  do  not 
come  within  the  limitation,  from  all  which  arrangement,  it  is 
evident  Connecticut  is  not  the  country  where  idle  or  dissi- 
pated characters  will  seek  shelter.  The  foregoing  refers  to 
the  provision  for  the  ])au])ers  claiming  support  from  the  state. 
As  to  the  mode  adopted  by  the  towns,  the  same  revolu- 
tion as  to  expense  has  also  taken  place,  as  in  the  state 
expenditure.  The  niunbers  supported  in  the  town  1  could 
not  learn,  no  return  being  made  ;  numbers  are  not  regarded, 
the  expenditure  alone  looked  to.     The  same  economical 


30 


ma.va(ii;.\m;>t  ok  tiii; 


.system  !is  ailopU-d  hy  the  state  linf.  tfikcii  \>\ucv  gi'iierai!}  m 
ihe  towns,  llaitpcniii.u'  to  be  in  vSouthinijjton  (at  tho  tinu-  ot 
thoir  town  meeting,  to  elect  ()tlic(?rs  l(»i  ili''  year  ejisuing,) 
whieh  contains  jibout  one  thousand  eight  hunihcd  inhabi- 
tants, I  learned  that  some  years  ago,  the  poor  tux  on  the 
town,  independent  of  their  tax  for  state  poor,  amounh.'d  t«> 
about  $14,00.  or  £315  0.  0.  now  it  is  down  \r.  about  .^300, 
or  £62  l(>.  0. 

But  now  contractors  take  the  poor  at  a  liituted  suiu,  fn 
the  support  of  all  to  wiiich  the  town  is  liable,  and  such  is 
the  wholesome  elTect  of  the  eontraetors  working  them  well, 
that  ii!  a  country  when?  labor  is  dear,  and  the  necessaries 
nt  life  abundant,  tlit'  demand  upon  tbi'  poor  fund  has  dimi- 
uisiied,  laid  coniinui.'s  to  diminish  in  the-  stat<^  of  ('i»nne(tieut. 
as  set  forth. 

Tlif  Mayor  ol"  Hartford  kind!}  ai'COiii|"anied  me  to  tlic 
poor  house,  distant  about  three  nules  Irom  the  city.  1 
was  glad  to fmd  it  \vas  not  a  palacx'-looking  e-tablisliment,  as 
at  New  York  ;ind  Alb'any,  yet  the  r(H»ms  were  i-lean,  neat, 
and  siiilieiently  e(,»ndbrtable  for  the  occupants  ;  their  Ibod 
was  abundant,  and  adequate  to  their  wants  ;  not  calculated 
to  lead  them  to  prefer  the  place  as  ali'ording  better  living  than 
the  daily  tare  of  the  hard  working  laborer  "r  mecdianic  ol 
theii    neighborhood,  the  fruit  ot  their  own  industry.     'J'bc 


1 


KUOK    IN    CONNECTICIT.  31 

It'iiiules  in  the  liDUse,  (save  one  who  was  lame,  and  another 
imbecile  in  mind)  were  votaries  of  intemperance  in  body 
and  mind,  hard  to  manage,  yet  such  as  iiumanity  would  not 
spurn  from  shelter  and  food.  Beyond  the  work  of  the  house, 
save  a  little  knitting,  spinning,  and  weaving,  some  woolen 
garments,  they  contributed  little  to  their  suj. port,  some  occa- 
sionally worked  out  in  the  neighborhood,  and  thereby  helped 
to  clothe  themselves. 

A  system  of  rigid  confinement  does  uot  apjiear  to  pervade 
these  establishments,  and  with  perfect  tact,  when  a  drunken 
vagrant  is  taken  up,  and  sent  to  the  workhouse,  he  is  locked 
up  in  such  a  manner  that  when  he  awakes  ajid  becomes  sober, 
he  fmds  means  to  escape,  whereby  the  establishment  and 
neighborhood  are  delivered  of  his  presence. 

Few  are  kept  in  prison  who  are  not  destroyed  by  it. 

\  have  yet  to  Icurn,  who  was  ever  reclaimed  by  imprison- 
ment ;  the  ijutside  of  a  prison  has  terrors,  the  inside  none  ;  a 
vicious  person  enjoys  a  quiet  in  prison — he  is  a  stranger  to 
without — no  man  dreads  it  less  than  he  who  oft  frequents  it, 
'those  who  are  young  in  the  science  of  governing  the  depravi- 
t\  of  the  human  heart,  will  scoll'al  this  digression. 

The  funiis  for  the  support  of  the  poor  of  the  State  of 
L'onnectieat.  arc  levied  from  the  real  and  personal  estate  of 
the  citizens,  wliich  as  has  been  observed  in  my  report  on  the 


poor  of  the  state  of  Now  York,  is  yearly  viilued  l.y  tlu-  ls- 
sesors  of  towns,  wli. .  .nuke  thoir  return  on  oatli,  so  tliat  ar.- 
luially  the  property  of  every  citizen  is  known,  and  published 
to  the  world.  It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  the  select  men 
are  authorized  to  seciuester  the  property  of  drunkards  f..r 
the  support  of  their  families. 


h 

A 


uri-HN  v.M>  in:(;i;i..\T[<>\s 


Peculiar  circumstances  may  rcciuirc  a  iiKMlitiratum  oi 
the  tolIuvvMiij:  but  it  is  deemed  jiropor  that  the  reuulatinns 
as  to  tlic  i,'overning  principle  ol"  the  measure  should  be  exhi- 
bited, and  no  doubt,  will  call  ibrth  what  all  deem  themselves, 
capable  of  iurnishin^ — advur  :  sullice  il  to  say.  they  arc  all 
drawn  from  the  actual  working''  of  various  depiirtments.  the 
good  otrect  of  whicli,  in  so  tiir  as  they  have  been  acte.l  on. 
has  been  proved, and  with  a  special  regard  to  I'jiperCanada. 
as  a  marked  distinction  nuist  Ije-  kept  in  \iew  between  uhai 
is  suitable  lor  America  and  for  En^'land.  11  is  onU  an 
Ultimate  actjuaintancfi  with  the  subject,  can  couvinci*  people 
who  come  to  the  United  States  or  Canarhu  that  thev  have  to 
imlearn  what  they  r(!irarded  as  theii'<'hiel"  merit  in  En^lnnd. 
oeibrc  they  become  in  an}'  degree  elTicieat  (Mther  as  airricul- 
turists,  mechanics,  or  ?!U|i(M-intendents.  The  rei!<:riou> 
arrangement  will  excite  the  warmest  discussion,  but  with- 
out the  fear  of  God.  and  the  glorious  hope  and  consola- 
tion of  the  Christian  religion,  are  i.MCulcated  in  the  spirit 
ni  meekness,  kindness   and    charily,  as  exeni]'>litied   in  the 


<*4  lU  LE^     \.M>    JJi;<ilLA110.\>. 

teaching   of  rhn   Lord  Jpsus.    I    should  havr    no  iiupi;    'J' 
the  nu'asiuf   prnviiiL'  n  blossincr  to  thoso   to   be  ryniuved 

Isi.  'J  lu!  ;'.;si(lL'nts  alwill  Ijc  put  and  kfpt  to  sucli  labor 
asthi:y  aro  <  ii|<iil>N;  ofporlonniiiL;.  and  as  will  host  promotf 
industrx  and  (■(;onoiny,  reference  being  had  to  their  age. 
sex,  and  ahibty.  and  no  cxiiisc  ^hall  be  admitted  but  actual 
infinnit)  or  disal)ilit\ .  to  be  dolcrniined  by  the  attending 
physician.  And  il"  any  jmm'sou  shall  refuse  to  perform  hi'^ 
task,  during  the  Iioiun  prescribed,  or  shall  be  refractory  oi 
disorderly,  or  in  any  way  viojnte  the  rules  of  the  house,  o>. 
do  any  waufon  injnry  to  the  furniture  or  other  property,  lie 
shall  be  piuiished  by  the  authorities,  and  in  the  manner 
herein  after  mentioned. 

iid.  A  rifid  system  of  classification  shall  pervade  the 
^vbole  establisinnrnt,  viz:  Jurors  and  monitors,  as  hereinafter 
set  forth,  (to  ••lUorct-  order  and ob'^dience,)  the  classification 
fo  extend  to  distinction,  as  lo  accommodation  in  dormitories, 
dining  hall,  and  clif^ibility  to  hold  office,  and  otiier  marks  oi 
favor, 

3d.  That  the  ent<>rcingofthp  various  rules  and  reoulations 
"ihall  be  committed  to  monitors,  elected  by  the  inmates  (d 
the  depot  from  among  themselves.  \vh<»  shall  report  to  thf 
.urors  anv  infraction  of  the  rules;  b\it  such  appointment  is  not 
to  interfere  with  their  usual  labor  or  occupation.  The  sn 
pervision  to  be  as  follows,  viz  • 


r 


t 


11LI,K(-    A\l>    UUOlLVTinVS 


:ii> 


nil.  in  cucli  a|)ariiiient  of  titty  pcrsoiib,  two  monitors  h' 
■*»e  selected  by  the  residents  of  surh  apMitmenl.  1'>  hold  thei' 
ililce  lor  one  month;  sucIj,  howevor,  Uf  h*'  rliqiblc  for  re- 
election witii  the  eoncurrenee  of  the  bupennlfixleDt.  Tlu 
«iaine  priiu'ijdc  of  ole(;tion  to  hold  auKing  the  :->ingle  of  hulii 
«excs  but  the  adjudication  of  all  punislunent  to  he  alone  en- 
torced  by  live  persons  to  be  called  jurors,  to  be  chosen 
monthly  bv  all  the  monitors,  but  as  totlunr  re-election,  surh 
to  be  san.ctioned,as  in  the  case  of  liie  monitors,  by  the  super- 
intendent :  the  proceedings  of  this  court  to  be  open,  and  to 
'ake  place  in  the  presence  of  the  sujiertnUnident,  and  on  the 
evening  of  the  day  on  which  the  oDence  comes  to  be  known. 
uvl  punishment  iu^mediately  lo  folhnv  conviction. 

oth.  Tiiat  being  guilty  of  disobedience  of  any  rub;  di^.- 
jualiti(!s  from  holding  otlice,  cither  as  monitors  or  jurors.  f<w 
such  j)eriod  as  the  superintendent  shall  think  proper. 

Ulh.  The  hour  for  I'ising  shall  be  at  sunrise  fhoughout  thf 
vear,  the  l>cll  to  be  rung,  when  evciv  person  shall  Jinmedi- 
•itelv  arise,  comb  hair,  M'ash  iiands  and  iiice.  \u)uer  themspec- 
■ion  of  the  monitors,  and  sach  as  are  so  disposed,  repair  to  the 
school  room,  ({)lace  of  }>ublic  worship.)  where  the  fen  com- 
■nand/itpntsnnd  the  Lord's jrr aye r,A\\\\\  be  read  by  a  discreet 
person,  selected  lor  the  purpose  by  the  superintendent,  from 
dience  t«-  breakfast  and  t<.>  iheir  resp«  <  tive  occuputions,  the 
■  ■hildren  toatfer)d  schooUortwo  houi  s.;iiter  ^\'>'ehtho<;ocapri- 


I' 


II; 


i 


i>|f,  to  siu'li  l;vl)(»r  ns  shall  Iv  presfribt.Ml :  also  two  }io)n's  .'(? 
«('li<M.i  jititT  iliiiinT.  At  tlif  iijipoimt'd  hour  for  n'tirciiKMU. 
fhe  ln;ll  w  ill  niiL'.  wlicii  all  fliall  r<'tiri'  to  tlii-ir  ifS|pr.-tivfMl()r- 
nii(orI('s:  halfiin  Ir  >iir  after,  tiirjiimrs  shnll  in  fh-'ir  turn  visit 
(•'iU'h  aijarinii'ut,  to  sfi-  llmt  all  liL'hts  art'  onl,  holding  llic  mo- 
iiilit)-s  ace  '  intahlf  lor  anv'  imiissinn,  m  ti>r  pcrmittinir  an\ 
;<)  siiiokt'  a  srnar  i.>i-  pipe  in  their  r.»oiiis  alter  the  hell  nnirs. 

7tii.  The  hours  lo?  lahor  shnll  he  as  fullows  : — Trj  suni- 
luer,  from  one  lioiii-  ami  ^ne  hall' alter  sunriso  until  fltM'on 
in  the  foi'enooii,  and  from  our  o'eioek  to  ono  honr  heforo 
siuiset.  In  winter,  ih(*  same  in  the  forenoon,  and  from  one 
to  sundown  in  the  afternoon.  rmA  fjnm  the  20th  Soptomhev 
to  the  20\h  .Niareh.thev  shall  lahr.r  in  the  evening;:,  from  six 
ti»  eirjht  o'clock,  excfiit  as  to  the  lahor  of  rhe  youth  of  hoth 
^PXPS,  which  shall  ho  particularly  pro'crihed. 

■Sth.  The  hour  fi>r  meals  shall  he  as  fr>llows  : — through- 
out the  year,  hreakfast  one  ho(.  ilVr  sunrise.  The  hell 
shall  always  he  run<;  thirty  minutes  hefore  each  meal,  when 
t^very  person  slial  I  cease  fiv,m  work,  and  immediately  dp 
ready,  with  clean  hands  and  t'a<>e.  for  the  ringini/  oj'the  se- 
cond ^ell.  when  they  shall  repair  to  flie  hk^ss  rooms,  the 
aged  first,  and  take  such  seals  as  sliall  he  assigned  h\-  the 
dining  hall  monitors.  Dinner  at  noon,  and  supper  at  sun- 
do^vn.  Half  an  hour  shall  be  allowed  for  irieals,  when  the 
bell  shall  be  rung,  and  no  person  shall  leave  the  table  without 


1 


)i('rmis-ii(tn,  xvli  -n  ;ill  >li;ill  riso,  .-mii  irtii"'  fi>  lus  ur  lior  rnoiti. 
Ill' (•tn|)|("vin<iif.  .•111(1  iin  "IK'  >liiill  tuki;  iiiiy  i'li'ti'  !•■  troiii  tli 
t;i[)|c.  Till-  iiioiiiturs  slijill  srr  iliat  tlif  t;il'l<'  is  iiuiiM'diatcIy 
i:loarf(l,  ;ni(l  In-  (■;ii('riti  lliat  tlif  rni,::iii(  ijts  arc  sa\c(|.  No 
person  shall  he  jdlnwid  any  \'n>>t\  <xci|.t  at  the  n'uuiar 
iiioals.  uiilt'ss  jin'scrit  1  d  liy  tin'  |)liysician. 

5)lli.  That  the  cliildrcii.  w  hriica|)alil('.  sIi.tII  li-'  Ih)Uii<1  out 
to  proprr  persons,  inhaliilants  orilic  pro\  iii<f.  to  \)c  approviMJ 
hy  a  JMSliiv"  of  the  peaco.  nv  any  n'L'iilar  placed  clergyman 
residini;  in  the  nei,ifli!»oi'iioof|  o|"  the  applicant,  who  should 
niuleriake  to  a<'t  as  irnardians  ol'such  children,  or  hy  associa- 
tions, which  should  he  Toi'ined  in  dillcrcnt  parts  ot  tiie  pro- 
vince I'or  that  jiurpose,  who  would  undertake  tlu'  task,  the 
hoys  to  he  hound  until  'dLditt-'en  years,  and  the  girls  until 
sixteen  years,  oi"  whose  actual  state  a  y<'ail\'  report  to  he 
t^iirnished  to  the  superintendent,  that  in  his  annual  report  a 
full  ^  iew  should  he  rendered  of  all  who  had  heen  sent  to 
the  de])oi,  such  report  to  he  forwardi^d  to  the  hnperial  as 
also  Provincial  Parliainent.  niad*^  u])  to  the  first  oj' January 
in  each  year. 

10th.  .\on(^  of  the  residtnits  siiall  purchase,  or  have  in  his 
or  their  possession,  an}'  sjVu'ituous  li(Hior.  and  th(>  sanie  shall 
alwavs  he  taken  l)y  the  superintendent,  jurors  or  tnoniiors, 
whenever  tourid.and  it  shall  not  he  restored.  And  the  de- 
linquent shall  he  punished  as  the  jurors  shall  direct. 


., 


•  {N  HILE.S    ASV    RKGl  1.AT1U.\.««. 

1 1th.  That  all  persons  brougiii  to  tiif  (k-jiot.  shall  ln'  a' 
liberty  to  leave  it  when  deemed  capable  of  sustaining  them- 
selves, 

12th.  That  all  who  choose  ;->  remain  after  six  month; 
■should  be  remunerated,  by  being  paid  in  cash,  on  leaving 
the  depot,  half  of  all  contract  work  performed  by  tliem, 
separate  from  the  depot.- 

13th.  That  the  flute,  violin,  and  other  instruments,  shall  b(; 
provided,  to  alFord  recreation  for  such  as  arc  disposed  to 
learn. 

14th.  That  a  lilirary  shall  be  tbrmcd  ;uid  hirnislied  with 
Biography,  History,  Treatises  on  Physi''-;  and  Mechanics  ; 
also  such  works  as  are  ackno^vledged  of  n  moral  tcndenc}', 
and  such  periodical  works,  daily  journals,  and  magazines, 
admitted,  as  the  jurors  should  re(|uire.  under  th.c  sani'titui 
of  the  superintendent. 

15th.  That  on  the  Lord's  day,  ail  slioiiM  be  re(|uired  tc> 
respec-t  the  day,  (however  only  by  persuasion,)  when  the 
person  selected  to  read  the  daily  morning  service,  should 
in  addivion  re.ad  in  ri\ii"ular  order  a  poitioii  ol  the  S(  ripturc^. 
VV^bile  such  regular  ordained  clerirvmcn,  rasters  or  minis- 
ters,  as  should  be  desirous  of  rendciiug  their  services, 
should  be  at  liberty  to  olFuMate,  at  liours  U)  be  arrrmged  by 
the  superintendent,  {the  an'otii^cment  an  to  ptiyinetit.  mn'rvrd 
for  consideration)  \\\\Qr\  all  sliould  lie  at  liberty  loatfiid  oi 


I 


I 


■m- 

1 


1(1  i-i;s    \M>   Ki;(ii i,A'ru):v 


IVJ 


i 

P 


\ 


I 


•  •li'.'rwisf,  as  ihcy  iniulit  \n-  disjjost'd  ;  but.  no  intert'ereiu-r 
with  tlic  [icculiar  iinule  ut"  worsliip  or  faitli  ol"  other  denomi- 
t\atioiis  of  Christians,  nor  any  observations  of  a  poUtical 
nature,  oji  ai>\-  account  to  l)o  indulged  in  by  those  allowed  to 
olliciate  :  an«l  in  case  of  any  departure  from  these  regula- 
tions, such  pfU'son  to  he  excluded  from  the  depot  in  future, 
Hsahuoilv  or  siny;inij  hvnnis  lo  be  taught  and  cherisiied  in 
the  young  on  the  Lord's  day. 

KUh.  Tiiat  the  Bible,  without  note  or  comment,  shall  be 
furnished  for  the  use  of  all  in  the  d(^pot,  and  any  work  of 
professedly  a  morn  I  character,  sanctioned  by  the  various 
clergvmenor  pastors  who  shall  give  their  occasional  atten- 
dance, will  be  received  into  th(>  library  ;  but  on  no  account 
shall  any  of  the  paupers  be  permitted  to  have  any  books 
which  impugns  the  Christian  character. 

17th.  Th- only  punishment  kn-  adults,  confinement  and 
tn  be  fed  ou  bread  and  water,  and  for  the  youth,  a  firm, 
V*n  mild  chastisement,  but  always  in  private. 


i:  S  T  I  Al  A  T  []. 


Estimate  of'thr  proposed  de])ot  in  Upper  Canadd,  and.  re.mu- 
vinr:  from    i'jmjUnid  1000   I^ai/pei'S  (nuuta/Ii/.  including 

foo(/.  clothini'.,  )7ifdiviil  t(dri<y\  and  in:</ rial  ion.  The  ac- 
com/nodalion  to  comprise  lO*)*.)  ./(•/-.s  ,;/'  land,  huifdins^s 
for  mnl-'s.  fenuucs.  tnarried,  single,  orphans,  insane,  dis- 
eased, or  blind. 

tlXPKNSL    OF    Tll.\NsroUTATi«)N, 

l''ir>t. — Adults  can  be  pnn  iileil  witli  jjassage  for  2/.  li>.v.  L'hildrei; 
iiiiili.'r  liiirtecii,  half  price  ;  provision-  tor  the  voyage,  yuuiii^  and  old, 
cnii  ho  amply  provided  lor  X.\.  Ii)\  each,  inakiii;;-  £,A.  transport  to 
the  st'ilii;inpiit,  say  C!.  lO.v.  and  lor  conlingericios,  l^)s.  niakini;-  J^6. 
until  phaced  at  the  ilcpot.  I  soo  no  iiood  causp  why  the  poor  uho 
are  ?enl  out  at  the  i.:\[)ense  of  the  parisii,  should  hw  better  provided 
than  tile  pour  tanner?  and  working"  clash(??,  who  coaie  out  at  their 
own  expense,  and  sure  I  am,  the  ejstiiuale  i-  not  onl}'  ample,  hut 
abundant,  ami  under  projier  .'nanau,-emen;,  would  cover  removal 
Irom  the  })ari>h  to  the  place  ».>'  embarkation.  r\Iuch  depends  on 
Ihe  masters  ot  the  pa'?eiiL\er  ves'-cls.  The  timber  shi[).s  are  <iencral- 
ly  second  class,  many  ol'them  iburtli  cla-«  v  sic!  ,  and  commanded 
bynaen  ignorant  ami  dissipated.  I  should,  therelbre,  deem  it  esiien- 
lial,  to  secure  success  and  the  comfort  of  Ihe  pooc  peopie,  to  he  par- 
ticular as  to  the  class  of  the  ves>(d.  a!ul  capacity  and  sobriety  of  the 
master.  Those  directinf;  the  measure  should  take  charge  of  the 
paupers  in  Enj^land,  ai.d  thereby  avoiil  tiie  maiiv  and  (e/tain  evils 
to  which  emigrant-  are  liable,  on  their  passaf^r  to  (luebec  and  New 


1 


i:sTiMvn:. 


n 


\ork:    a.s  ai^c  upon    their   arrival    there,    which  iirove^  truly  dis- 
rouraging  ;   i)ut   such    errors  may  be  giiaided  airaiiisl. 

The  Laud-,  Iiouses,  stock,    tar  .liiig  utensiis  and  rattle,  "^ii-nild  «11 
beloiiii;  to  the  county  or  coniinunity  making  the  experiment.     The 
hhnd,  iui^ane,  or  persons  above  ^i\ts ,  not  to  be  ^-ent  out,  save  under 
the  special  provision  set  tbrth  m  the  estimate. 

Purcha-,e  of  1000  acres,  and  buildings  lor  1000  per- 
sons, asset  forth,  taken  at  £l2.00if,  interest  tfiereoi 

ilemoviiig  1000  persons  ai  £0.  each, 

One  year's  support, 

Head  Superintendent 

Two  working     do.     £5!J.  eaeh 

Schoolmaster, 

Doctor 

^latron 

Contingences,  lirst  ytar 

The  resicdent  officers  to  have  sucli  support  as  tlie  larm 
>-an  produce. 

Amount, 


.GoOO  if  I J 

0000  0  0 

4000  0  I.) 

2m)  n  n 

100  0  d 

ou  0  0 

100  0  u 

50  U  0 

lOGO  (•  0 


jei2,<ibo   0   t> 


Second    year,    lOOl)  remioved    from  England 
at  JG6.  each. 
Interest  on  purchase  of  lantls,  &c. 
Superintendence,  &c. 

Annual  allowance  ibr  support,  &c.,  -econd 
and  every  future  year,  independent  of  the  farm 
and  labor  of  the  Paupers. 


b.OOO  0  0 
500  0  0 
500     0     L' 


oOOU     tt     (> 


Jt:  12,000     0     0 


(luK   l\ih»J  IS  leuuireii  lor  tht-  uddmoiial  lnoo  niiupt;i-.-*  wady  t^eiil  uui 


\ 


I'J 


KSTIMATL. 


Shuul.t  ai.v  oi  li..  perso.is  so  sent  out  hec^  uo  \u..uv  or  blind,  ui 
,,iaaMU  u.  m.  .Uu.e  uMin..te,  luv  .11  such  a  charge  lo  h.  ,n..le  ; 

Idiots  or  Insane,  4(/  a  day, 

Blind  '^('  a  day, 

Ch  aliiug  and  ntteiidance  being  included. 


\lew  of  five  years  drainage  of  the  Poor  from  the  parent  State. 

1000 


t  iisl  year,  llXIU  persons  ir moved  to  depot, 
Admit  that  one  third  depart  from  it,  althou,<;-h  one 
hall  misht  more  correctly  be  calculated. 


Remain  V 


Second  year,  IwuO  sent 
Second  year,  one  third  depart. 
Third  vear,  !000  sent. 
Third  year,  one  third  depart. 
Fourth  year,  1000  sent 
Fourth  year,  one  tbird  depart 
Filth  year.  iOfK'l  M>nt 
l-'it'th  ve.'ir,  "'lie  llurri  ihpiiit 


Rpmau)s 


Remain- 


Rcmainh 


Remain'^ 


33f5 

677 
1000 

1667 
5ii5 

1112 

1000 

2112 

704 

1408 
1000 

2408 

800 

1608 
1000 

2608 

880 

172-:^ 


KSTIMATB. 


ia 


lU 


si 

■4 


RECAPITULATION. 


33f$ 


1667 
555 

1112 

1000 

2112 

704 

1408 
1000 

2408 
SOO 

1608 
1000 

2008 
886 


4 


Expense  first  year, 

Second  year 
Tiiird     df 

Fourth     do 

Fifth  year 


Jt;  12,000 

12,000 
12,000 

12,000 

12,000 

£60  000. 


N.  B. — Births  would  supply  deaths. 
Thus  in  the  space  of  hve  years,  50U0  f  aupers,  would  be  removed 
at  an  e\pen>e  to  the  country  of  C^O.  000.  The  expenditure  of 
tile  County  of  Fvent  f(jr  1B32  is  stated  at  £425.  r,78,  at  this  rate  one 
year's  poor  rate  of  Kent  would  (or  ever  free  the  county  of  ^^.J.OOO 
paupers,  ten  percent,  is  a  wide  estimate  for  those  who  would  be  tjorn, 
as  also  fi^r  the  iv.iJAe  or  blind  makint;,'  one  hundred  am!  hity  persons 
iead  weight  on  the  i)e[).)t,  and  adaiit  that  -l7.  per  diem  should  be 
required  for  them,  this  would  not  at  most  add  in  any  way  £1 000 
a  year  at  the  end  of  five  years,  while  it  is  believed  from  tiie  ii  .proved 
state  of  the  I'arm,  arrangement  and  management,  no -uch  addititmal 
charge  would  be  required  to  the  £l2,000  a  year.  U  is  to  be  kept  in 
view  ihat  such  additional  buildings  as  should  be  required  would 
''e  raised  by  the  paupers. 


1722 


